|
The Free area of the Republic of China is a legal and political description referring to the territories under the actual control by the government of the Republic of China (ROC),〔"(The Additional Articles of the Constitution of the Republic of China )." ''Republic of China''. Retrieved on April 7, 2009.〕 consisting of the island groups of Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen, Matsu and some minor islands. As the island of Taiwan is the main component of the whole area, it is therefore also referred to as the "Taiwan Area of the Republic of China" or simply the "Taiwan Area" (). The term "Tai-Peng-Kin-Ma" () is also equivalent except that it only refers to the four main islands of the region - Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen and Matsu.〔https://books.google.com/books?id=vFy3J2PyEAoC&pg=PA91 〕 The term is opposed to "mainland area of the Republic of China", which reflects the territory that was lost to the Chinese Communist Party following the Chinese Civil War and is used in the "Additional Articles to the Constitution of the Republic of China" in order to grant political authority to the people of the free area without renouncing the ROC's territorial claims over mainland China. == Background == The term "free area" or "Free China" was used during the Second Sino-Japanese War (1937–45) to describe the territories under the control of the Kuomintang (KMT) government in Chongqing (at the time romanised as Chungking) (as opposed to the parts of China under Japanese occupation, including Nanjing (Nanking) the capital of the Republic of China until the Japanese invasion in 1937). The Japanese occupation ended with the imperial surrender in 1945, but the term "Free China" was soon to acquire a new meaning in the context of the early Cold War. Following the CCP victory in the Chinese Civil War in 1949, the newly inaugurated People's Republic of China solidified its control of mainland China, while the Kuomintang government retreated to Taiwan and selected Taipei to serve as the provisional capital of the Republic of China. Mainland China was officially considered to be in a state of "Temporary Communist Rebellion" (this "Period of Communist Rebellion" would be officially terminated by the ROC government in 1991), and furthermore all territories still under Nationalist administration were said to constitute the "Free Area" of China. Prior to the Battle of Dachen Archipelago in 1955, the Free Area also encompassed a group of islands off Zhejiang, up to then part of the ROC province of Chekiang. The islands have since been administered exclusively by the PRC. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Free area of the Republic of China」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|